Structured Inequality and Incarceration Essay - 2843 Words

Structured Inequality and Incarceration Lori Young Chamberlain College of Nursing Abstract When it comes to arrest and incarceration, black men are overrepresented in comparison to Hispanics and whites. Over forty years ago the Civil Rights Act was implemented and racism still continues today due in part to a form of cultural imagery. This structured inequality is evident in the politics of government and all levels of the criminal justice system. The very system that is to be fair has been found to be racially disparate in the treatment of blacks. The causes and existence of this state has been researched for over the last twenty years as to it why does it exist, what are the consequences and how to correct it. Structured†¦show more content†¦There is a separation between federal and local government when it comes to being accountable and providing solutions to urban issues due to federalism. This practice of federalism perpetuates racism and class status by making it difficult for minorities to participate in government due to their resources or lack thereof. A racial hierarchy exists relating to blacks and the criminal justice system in the subject of drug abuse arrests and convictions. Government research according to The Sentencing Project (2011) has shown that drug use among blacks is no higher than use among whites but yet seventy-nine percent of drug defendants in 2011were black. The participants in the criminal justice system such as police, judges, lawyers and corrections officers may be part of a dominant group and use their ethnocentrism to create bias and discrimination based on cultural differences. There is the overt bias and prejudice that an urban area wit h large black and minority populations is crime ridden. This in turn is cause for over policing with arrests of blacks more often in open air drug markets. A study done by Katherine Beckett (2006) in Seattle showed the disparity between white and black drug dealers in different ethnographicShow MoreRelatedSociologists Are Angry And You Should Be Too : Reflection On Readings Essay1747 Words   |  7 PagesSociologists are Angry and You Should Be Too: a Reflection on Readings Not enough people are upset about the social inequality in our modern American society, and there is far too much of it for people to simply ignore. Too many people are complaining about â€Å"reverse racism† and â€Å"affirmative action† and not looking at the realities of living in this country. The American systems of government and business are working against almost everyone that is not a wealthy, cisgender, heterosexual, white maleRead MoreDiscrimination in the United States Today Essay2048 Words   |  9 Pages so this means that structured inequality still exist in America today. 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This essay applies Marxist criminology to argue tha t the drug war is a manipulation of the law and systemRead MoreDisparities in Criminal Sentencing: Research Report2044 Words   |  8 PagesDisparities in Criminal Sentencing Introduction According to the Pew Research Center, African-American males incarceration is predominantly concentrated among Black males aged between 20 and 34. A number of factors contribute to this alarming statistics. While focusing on incarceration, studies demonstrate that the population in national prisons has increased by more than 600% from 1970s (Robinson, 2009). This is a significantly large number compared to the 40% increase in the national population

Internal Selling “Putting Theory Into Practice” Free Essays

Mental Model: As mentioned by John Bradley Jackson, â€Å"internal selling can be the hardest sale†. A salesperson might feel that convincing the customers and winning the deal is the end to it, but that is not true. Convincing the people within the organization and specially the higher management is a tougher job to do. We will write a custom essay sample on Internal Selling: â€Å"Putting Theory Into Practice† or any similar topic only for you Order Now There is resistance and inflexibility to change. The internal sales cycle is almost similar to the process of selling to the end customers. A salesperson has to understand the process, his role in it and then communicate everything to everyone (From John Bradley Jackson). After studying the course â€Å"Internal Selling†, I have understood the importance of selling within the organization. Like a ray of white light consists of all the colors, behind any decision in a company, there are different persons involved. These people have different ideologies, mental models, constraints and resistances. To be a successful internal seller, one has to accept this fact and be adaptable to apply different approaches to convince these people with the help of three types of selling skills: strategic, tactical and self-management. Thus he will be able to network and effectively implement any idea or plan internally. Executive Summary: This report talks about the Super-Ware case and tries to analyze how different internal selling concepts can be used in such a scenario in real life. There are two challenges here. The first one is to win over the customer Australian Home and the second one is to convince the people within the organization to agree to the demands of Australian Home. SPIN selling techniques can be used to convince Australian Home. For the second part, six stage internal sell process is explained. For each of the stages, relevant theories and concepts have been used. The final goal is to convince both the companies to strike a deal so that a long term good business relationship can be started. Putting Theory into Practice: I will consider the â€Å"Super Ware† case and try to analyze it in the lights of the theories learnt in the course â€Å"Internal Selling†. First, I will describe the situation in brief. Then the two parts will be discussed separately. The first part, convincing the customer, Australian Home will have discussion on how SPIN selling technique can be used here. The second part, convincing the company people, will be dealt with the six stage internal sell process. Situational Analysis: Super-Ware is a cookware company. It designs products to simplify people’s lives. For more than 100 years, they are helping people to save money and time by keeping their food fresh for longer. Super-Ware offers a wide range of products for storing food, food preparation, cookware, storage and serving items. They have designed a new technology cookware. This is called Snap-Shut which has the patented Easy-Find technology. The first challenge of the sales representative is to win the deal from the most shopped general merchandise retailer of Australia, Australian Home. Then the second challenge is to convince the departments within the organization to agree to the needs of Australian Home. 1. Convincing the End Customer: Australian Home 1. 1 SPIN selling technique: First, I will try to apply the SPIN selling technique as proposed by Rackham, 1987 to be able to win over the customer, Australian Home. †¢Situation: Australian Home is one of the biggest retailers of Australia. It is part of Australian Home Corporation, Limited which operates in retail, financial services and petroleum. More than 25,000 Australians work across the company. It has 254 stores in a wide range of communities nationwide. Australian Home stores offer a unique mix of products and services through the leadership of three specialty stores under one roof- Automotive, Sports and Leisure and Home Products. The product in question, Snap-Shut is currently not listed in Australian Home but other products of Super-Ware are sold in Australian Home as well as other competitive products like Lite-Box and Snap-Tight. Snap-Shut is sold in three retailer stores in Australia currently: All-Mart, Wellworths and Dollarland. The objective of the salesperson is to secure full listing of the Snap-Shut product line before the key summer picnic season. It is known that the future relationship with Australian Home is dependent on successfully getting this deal. †¢Problem: Consumers cannot find the lids of their containers and the Easy-Find technology of Super-Ware solves this problem. But there are some issues. Super-Ware does not accept returns of products and there is no guarantee that the products will sell as it is a new innovative range of cookware. The shipping policy of Super-Ware is FOB (freight on board) to the retailer. This means Super-Ware’s responsibility ends once the products are on board and the retailer has to bear the responsibility from then onwards. To add to these, Australian Home wants the products to be delivered in boxes of 20 instead of the Super-Ware convention of 10. They also want the boxes to have red transparent lids and not blue. Moreover, they demand to sell below the MSRP (manufacturer’s suggested retail price) by at least 2 cents for each if the items. They do not want the FOB policy for shipping and want the products to be delivered directly to their Melbourne depot. Implication: Over 70% of consumers are routinely unable to find the lid that matches their containers and another 52% loose the lid completely. The Snap-Shut products solve two problems, leakage and easy organization. They have unique locking tabs for secure storage and the lid snap to the base so that it cannot get lost. The lids are transparent which means whatever is stored within the boxes can be seen easily. It will help the customers to find what they want in a time efficient manner. This Easy-Find technology is patented by Super-Ware. So these boxes will attract more customers than competitors. This will mean more business for Australian Home. The competitors of Australian Home: All-Mart, Wellworths and Dollarland currently sell Snap-Shut products. So not listing this range will result in competitive disadvantage for Australian Home. Moreover, after the Christmas season, customers will have many leftover foods and Summer being a picnic season, they will need more food storage boxes. These customers will be more than happy to buy the unique Snap-Shut products. These are some of the main reasons why Australian Home should store this new product range. Need-Payoff: Australian Home is convinced about the innovative Snap-Shut products. But they have raised some demands to be fulfilled before placing the order. Getting this deal is very important for Super-Ware. This will ensure start of a good professional relationship with Australian Home which can be turned into a long term one. Australian Home is the biggest player in Australia and having a good relation with them will help S uper-Ware to gain more profits. If the demands of Australian Home are fulfilled and they are given guarantee of sales, they will order the products. This will mean gaining their trust and future orders. To make it a success, the sales representative has to use his selling skills to convince the people within different departments in the organization to accept the demands of Australian Home. 2. Convincing the Internal People of the Company: Super-Ware I will use the six-stage Internal Sell Process as proposed by Friesen, M. E. , 1998 to describe how the people within the organization, Super-Ware can be convinced to agree to the demands of Australian Home so that the deal comes to a successful end. The sales representative has to use the three selling skills of Strategic, Tactical and Self-management to do this task. 2. 1 Identify the Problem: There are four demands of Australian Home which is related to four departments. †¢The Marketing/Brand team has to be convinced that supplying red lids will be beneficial and cost effective †¢The Production team has to be convinced that changing the pack box quantities from 12 to 20 is viable †¢The Sales, Finance and Marketing teams are to be convinced that selling 2 cents below the MSRP will benefit the company †¢The Supply Chain team should agree to ship the products to the Melbourne depot 2. Generate Ideas: People are different. They have different mental models. These models influence how they observe and understand the world and finally how they take actions and behave. They have different constraints and resistances. To convince these people, one has to accept that they are different and try to think in the same w ay as they do. Different approaches are needed to accomplish this. One has to be ready to apply them and be effective at gathering information to successfully apply them (Spiro, Weitz, 1990). This is called Adaptive Selling. As explained by John Bradley Jackson, â€Å"Internal selling can be the hardest sell†, one need to explain the unique attributes of the new customer agreement and don’t expect people to seek out the details about the new agreement. The people within the organization should be specifically communicated about the importance of the deal. They should be involved to generate ideas about how to meet the demands. The four departments can be given the following four reasoning: †¢Marketing: As Christmas is coming and red is a popular colour in Australia, changing the lid colour from blue to red might become more beneficial for the company. The department people might argue that changing the colour of the lid will confuse the end customers. The end customers can easily identify the colour blue with the Super-Ware brand name. This is part of their brand recall. And doing something which may affect the brand loyalty is a very risky decision. But the counter argument here can be that Australian Home and Super-Ware will engage in cooperative advertising which will feature both the companies. This adds will carry the message that Super-Ware has brought new Christmas special red lids exclusively for the Australian Home customers. This will help to increase the brand loyalty rather than affecting it. Another argument from the department can be that there is no guarantee that customers will like these red colour lids and buy them. The reasoning here can be that Australian Home, being the biggest retailer has more knowledge about the customer preferences and they have the confidence that the red lids will attract more and more customers during this festive season. †¢Production: Australian Home wants the products to be delivered in pack of 20. The Production department will say that doing this will mean different packaging process for Australian Home. Currently, the products are delivered in cases of 12 for all the other customers. Changing the packaging process only for one customer will result in more cost. Super-Ware might outsource the entire packaging process but that will mean losing the control over it. And if Super-Ware decides to standardize the process and package all products in cases of 20 for all customers, then the other customers might disagree to it. The sales representative can try to address these concerns by saying that packing in cases of 20 instead of 12 will save packaging material and thus save cost. The other customers can be convinced to accept delivery in packs of 20 with the reasoning that this is an environment friendly manner of business. †¢Finance: The Finance and Sales teams are to be convinced that selling below the MSRP will be beneficial in long term. They might say that if Australian Home is sold at 2 cents below the MSRP, then the other customers will also demand the same. But the counter argument here can be that, Australian Home is one of the biggest retailer and they have the biggest customer base. Profit = quantity * price. The reduction in price will result in more quantity being sold and thus more profit. If the other customers also demand same reduction in price, then Super-Ware can say that Australian Home gives the guarantee of more quantity, if they are also ready to buy more products and confident to sell them then they can also be given this privilege. Thus in long term, this will mean more Super-Ware products being sold and more profit for the company. †¢Supply Chain: Currently Super-Ware has the FOB shipping policy. The products are shipped from China and it is the responsibility of the buyer once the products are on board. Australian Home is worried about this responsibility, they are not worried about the money i. e. they are ready to pay the shipping prices but do not want the hassle of customs and other responsibilities. The Supply Chain department may say that changing the policy will mean new agreements and more legal costs and moreover the other customers will also start demanding the same. But they can be convinced saying that Australian Home is a major key account and they mean more business for the company. And they are not concerned about the money. Super-Ware only has to arrange for the responsibilities. All they have to do is to contact some outsourced expert shipping company for this. The expenses will be paid by Australian Home. If the other customers demand this, then they can be asked to enter into a long term business contract to avail this service. 2. 3 Network the Ideas: After talking to different departments, convincing them and asking them for suggestions, the ideas have to be communicated to all within the company to gain support from top management and others within the organization. The sales representative has to use his networking skills in this stage. He has to understand that people have different ego states from which they can communicate. This is the transactional analysis proposed by E. Berne, 1986. There are three ego states: †¢Parent †¢Adult †¢Child And there are three types of transactions possible within people: †¢Reciprocal/Complementary †¢Crossed †¢Duplex/Covert While communicating with someone, one should try to analyse the ego state of that person and try to guess the type of transaction he is trying to do. Accordingly, the sales representative should behave with that person to perform a successful friendly communication. Everyone in the organization should be convinced about the importance of the deal with Australian Home and the new ideas thought of to meet the demands of them. The sales representative can use his different powers, coercive, utility and honour, to influence and convince people. Influence is termed as the highest level of all human skills. The sales representative has to identify the most influential persons within the company or the opinion leaders. If these people are convinced, then they can motivate others to agree to the changes required to meet the demands of Australian Home. The other people who should be targeted first are the people with knowledge, people who have good connections in the company and also who are trustworthy. These people might help to get support and cooperation from others. People do not like changes. They are resistant to changes. And the worst part is, if one process succeeds then people become more resistant to change it. Meeting the demands of Australian Home requires some serious changes in the company policy. So the sales representative has to be very careful to make sure everyone is convinced that these changes are good for the company in the long term. Everyone should be involved in this process. People feel more obliged to agree to changes if they are engaged in and part of the process. The sales representative should keep in mind that there is the ladder of inference as proposed by Peter Senge. These are the stages that one goes through while inferring something. One decides what information to select from the pool of available information, and then he describes this information to himself and makes the interpretation. After that he evaluates it based on his views and opinions. Then finally he theorises it and concludes. This is the complex procedure behind any inference. People do these steps in mind without knowing that he is doing these. So, it is important to know that everyone has their own different ladder of inference. To convince someone and sell some idea to him, the seller has to act in a friendly way so that the person infers the exact thing that the seller wants him to infer. The ideas generated by talking to the four departments should be networked within the company with these theories kept in mind to ensure effective communication and generating support. The sales epresentative has to use his powers and influence skills to successfully convince everyone in the company. He should use his four types of influence styles depending on the situation: †¢Involving: He should use this style with people who are friends and trustworthy. It should be used to build collaborations based on the same goals. They can form a team together and work towards motivating and convincing others in the com pany. †¢Inquiring: He should use this style of influence with people who have some other needs. He should talk to people and try to identify their objectives and goals. Then he can try to convince them about his ideas and in turn he will help them to get success on their respective issues. †¢Leading: He should use this influence style to let everyone know the importance of this deal and the importance of Australian Home as a major long term key account customer. If the employees within the company are convinced about the importance of the issue then they will shed their resistance and come forward to make the deal a success. †¢Proposing: This style of influencing involves proposing various options and solutions with rationalizations. It is a structured style. This style might be used with people within the four departments. The sales representative should try to get these people involved in the whole matter. He should ask for their suggestions and they should work together towards a win-win solution for both the companies. 2. 4 Close the Deal: This is the hardest of all the stages. Getting the commitment from the top management can be as hard as possible. They can be convinced still not committed. The sales representative might have to use different closing techniques depending on the situation and the persons involved. While closing, the sales representative can use the concept of co-opetition, Brandenburger and barry, 1996. It is not necessary that one party has to be defeated for the win of the other party. It can be a win-win situation for both Australian Home and Super-Ware. The top management has to be convinced that. The solutions should be made in such a way so that they benefit both the companies. 2. 5 Implementation: This is the stage once commitment is gained from the top management. The ideas should be implemented. The sales representative should personally ensure that all the four departments can successfully implement all the olutions. He should be involved in the entire implementation process. He should also ask the Australian Home representatives for their feedbacks. He is the middle man between the two companies. He has the responsibility of maintaining the interests of both the companies and keeping both of them happy and thus helping to grow the inter-organizational relation. In t his stage also he has to use his people skills to ensure that everything is going smooth. 2. 6 Sell the Results: This is the final stage of this six stage internal sell process. The results of the deal, the final success story should be communicated to everyone. The sales figure of Australian Home, the growth in revenue and other financial figures should be communicated to everyone. He should also not forget to thank everyone and mention their contributions everywhere. This can be explained with the help of the Double Loop Learning concept as proposed by Argyris, 1976. Single loop learning is only problem solving and is a one way approach. This helps only in improving the system as it exists. But double loop learning is more than just solving the problems. This involves questioning the underlying assumptions and beliefs behind the techniques in which we do something, goals and values. The final outcome is the result that we get. We should analyse this result and try to learn from it. This learning can help in building the underlying assumptions which explains why we do something. This will also help in the techniques, goals, values and strategies which explain what we do. The outcome of building a successful business relation with Australian Home should be considered as a learning experience for the company Super-Ware. The results should be communicated to one and all within the company. This will help in internal sell process in future for other decisions in other situations. References: †¢John Bradley Jackson, â€Å"Internal Selling Can Be The Hardest Sale† †¢Rackham, 1987, SPIN Selling Technique †¢Spiro, Weitz, 1990, Adaptive Selling †¢Jennifer McFarland, 2001, â€Å"The Inside Sales Job† †¢Friesen, M. E. , 1998, â€Å"The Internal Sell Process† †¢E. Berne, 1986, Transactional Analysis †¢Peter Senge, Ladder of Inference †¢Brandenburger and Barry, 1996, Co-opetition †¢Argyris, 1976, Double Loop Learning How to cite Internal Selling: â€Å"Putting Theory Into Practice†, Papers

Protecting Confidentiality of Personal Data

Question: Discuss about the Protecting Confidentiality of Personal Data. Answer: Introduction: While conducting a weekly meeting, our ICT manager (say Harry) reassigned one of my colleagues (say Steve), using an assignment list. Unfortunately, the list captured his confidential information including date of birth, government identification number, social security number and bank account details. This information was obtained through the companys open network accessed through the enterprise management system. Furthermore, to Steves perception, everything was normal as he thought the management had access to his confidential information including bank account details. The manager compromised Steves confidential information by accessing it through the open network. Although Harry may have accessed the information accidently, he should have never disclosed it in the meeting. Moreover, given the current state of affairs, the company should implement procedures to prevent similar incidences in the future. For instance, only the relevant information (identification) should be available to the management. Moreover, financial information should be disclosed on a need to know basis and only to the finance department (Sampson Makela, 2014). The ethical and non-ethical issues Privacy - the manager accessed Steves confidential information which should have been protected and only disclosed to the relevant parties i.e. Steve. Since there are no laws prohibiting access of information through open networks, the manager should have exercised his ethical duty to avail the relevant data without the confidential information. Security- Since the management has access to the employees confidential information, their security is at risk because the information can fall to the wrong parties after gaining access to the management system (Gunarto, 2011). Two parties are directly affected, they are Steve and Harry. Steves confidential information was presented to the masses, this places him under threat which is a serious security violation. Therefore, in this scenario, Steve is the victim of the incidence. Harry, on the other hand, is responsible for exposing Steves confidential data and therefore is responsible for the outcomes. Legally, there are no stipulations prohibiting Harry from accessing Steves information, however, his moral values should have stopped him from accessing the information. This outcome is common today where people access sensitive information just because they can (CMOD, 2008). Ethical issues and implications Privacy. The legal framework always seems to trail technological innovation, today there are no laws that explicitly define employees information, including data like employee addresses, photos, social security numbers and dates of birth. However, such information should have clear cut guidelines including the very sensitive financial information. Failure to observe such policies or laws should lead severe consequences such as legal prosecution. Security Everyone has a right to feel safe and more importantly a right to protect their assets such as confidential information. These rights cannot be limited to a chosen few within the higher hierarchy of an organisation. Organisations like the one identified above should have proper measures to safeguard their systems What can be done? Containment is the answer to the current situation where the company should implement measures to prevent further damages from the data exposure. Furthermore, the organisation should implement appropriate measures to avoid a recurrence in the future. Ethically, the management should adhere to proper moral values where they should serve as an extra layer of security in case the existing systems lack the necessary security infrastructure to protect the employees information (Deakin, 2015). Confidential information should be stored on secure servers that are only accessed by a few with the right authorization and authentication. Through this technique the organization will account for the data including those who access it. Secondly, the organization should review its existing service agreements, particularly those that deal with the employees and the vendors of the management system. Moreover, reviews can also be done on the internal practices to monitor the flow of operational activities. The organization could also implement a comprehensive privacy policy that identifies individuals based on their duties and access levels. Furthermore, the organization should stop using employees social security numbers as an identification mechanism and instead use company generated numbers to identify its members. Conduct regular training on the importance of information security and privacy. Conduct regular audits to determine the company legal/policy compliance. Finally, develop a response plan in an event of a security breach such as the one identified above. Best option - and why Proper measures should be put in place to safeguard employees information, this could be done using authorization procedures where the staff would have access to the relevant data based on their responsibilities. An IT manager should not have access to financial information, instead, that access should be limited to the finance department and also on a need to know basis. Furthermore, the organisation data should not be taken offsite but again limited to in-house activities. This option will limit access to the relevant parties (authorised) therefore lowering the cases of privacy violation and other ethical dilemmas. References CMOD. (2008). Protecting the confidentiality of Personal Data. Retrieved 16 March, 2017, from: https://www.dataprotection.ie/documents/guidance/GuidanceFinance.pdf Deakin. (2015). Digital literacy. Retrieved 16 March, 2017, from: https://www.deakin.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/38006/digital-literacy.pdf Gunarto. H. (2011). Ethical Issues in Cyberspace and IT Society. Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University. Retrieved 16 March, 2017, from: https://www.apu.ac.jp/~gunarto/it1.pdf Sampson. J Makela. J. (2014). Ethical Issues Associated with Information and Communication Technology in Counselling and Guidance. Florida State University Libraries. Retrieved 16 March, 2017, from: https://diginole.lib.fsu.edu/islandora/object/fsu:210480/datastream/PDF/view

The empty concrete Essay Example For Students

The empty concrete Essay Throughout the adventures of Concrete there are many times where he shows his loneliness in a story. The one story that I find this most evident in is â€Å"next Best†. In this story Concrete goes through a number of let downs during the course of his day. The story starts off with Concrete having a surreal dream, a fantasy of Maureen and him being together. He admits his love to her. He is transformed into a human being by a god like structure that I believe was the Senator. Setting him free. He has always wanted to be close with Maureen. The dream ends when Tripod, his dog wakes him up to his empty, messy apartment so that he can feed him in the morning. A knock at the door brings Maureen into the story. Strangely enough she has her own keys to the door. Concrete questions her on why she didn’t use her set of keys and she gets around it by saying she lost them, not really giving Concrete a straight answer to his question. Concrete has a seemingly good idea about maybe him and Maureen going to the zoo. He wants to spend time with her. She, like always, can’t spare the time to spend with him. She has something of more importance to tend to. Maureen declines due to a paper she says she has to finish. Maureen usually doesn’t like to get into conversation with Concrete. When ever he tries to talk to her on a normal level she changes the subject, talking about test that need to be done to him and questions him on how his health has been, ignoring him really and not listening to what he is saying. We will write a custom essay on The empty concrete specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Concrete calls Larry to see if he would like to work some idea’s out for an essay he’s writing. Unfortunately for Concrete Larry has a woman over and says that for him to do anything is not convenient at the time and keeps the conversation short and gets off the phone. Just another let down for Concrete. The phone rings and on the phone is Senator Douglas. Concrete’s spirits have lifted a little now that he is talking to him. He calls to discuss the ideas that Concrete had in the letter he wrote to the Senator. To Concrete’s disappointment the Senator doesn’t want Concrete for anything other than the ideas that he has already given him. Not only that but the Senator goes on talking about how when Concrete left his job as a speechwriter he found another speechwriter that is â€Å"just fantastic†. All these let downs. Then on pg. 82 Maureen comes back. I think her just coming back into the house makes Concrete think that maybe she has changed h er mind. She had left her keys on the table that was all it was. Once again we see Concrete all alone. With nothing left to do Concrete starts responding to some of his letters. He comes across one that as he reads it starts to sound better and better. It starts out as an almost a cry for help. The writer of the letter compliments him on all his fine doings. Complimenting him on how great a citizen and role model he is. Building him up towards asking him for a favor. The writer insults Concrete by asking him for a visit to their neighbor to strike fear in him to get the man’s dog to stop going the bathroom on their lawn. This may have some connection though with his dog in the beginning when he gets a letter from his neighbor about Tripod having a problem going to the bathroom on their lawn. In the end of the story he is left alone with Tripod, the only one that was there for him trough out the day. Concrete seems happy with this though. In conclusion the beginning of the story where Concrete dreams the fantasies of being human and getting together with Maureen is just an examp le of how much he is in need to be set free from his concrete life. The loneliness, the emptiness, all the letdowns, made of concrete but how much beating on can Concrete take?Bibliography:not needed

Broadcasting and proper use of media

Broadcasting and proper use of media Introduction Media is important to society as it is one of the main sources of information. In the course of playing its role, media faces some challenges. Broadcasting has been a part of the society for a long time, but seems to have run its course.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Broadcasting and proper use of media specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The main challenges faced by the media relate to greater public views. Individuals in media should engage in moral reasoning as it is important in passing of content. This paper analyzes the use and purpose of broadcasting and proper use of media. Facts of broadcasting â€Å"The days of broadcasting are behind us†, as the new age has brought a number of other mediums that make broadcasting unnecessary. Radio is becoming less used in the digital world. It is not as intriguing as it was before, comparing to television and internet. Broadcasting is usually meant to send out a message or opinion to a great amount of people. Is more personal than any other medium, as people prefer listening to certain shows (Hoeg, 2009). According to Paddy Scannell, broadcasting takes place after the events have taken place and the media has an important duty to let people know about the situation. It is significant to be able to draw a picture using words. CNN and other programs are taking over regular broadcasting, as the offer a visual image. A person, who sees live events and then joins a discussion, is better oriented in the news story and feels included visually. The fact that news is presented live and different people or experts can be consulted, has many advantages (Scannell, 2006). The technological changes have greatly progressed the way news travels, and Lev Manovich stresses how computers are taking over almost all other forms of news delivery. Modern news is presented with an open view and contexts that are multilayered. The amount of visual an d audio information has greatly increased and become more interactive. The use of computers creates a better organization of news and allows the user to address side stories or follow the main events more closely. A great number of sources can be consulted, so it is now unnecessary to rely on only one source. Automation has made the process extremely easy, allowing for a more comfortable and thorough news reception (Manovich, 2000). At the same time, Jim Thompson has been one of the key figures in sport broadcasting, and it seems there might be some future for broadcasting after all. It is a unique style of information transference and connects better with listeners. A person must have certain characteristics to be able to attract people and retain their attention. Some forms of news are better presented as a broadcast. As there are many people who have little time to watch the news or prefer broadcasting, it might possibly stay a part of the greater society (The Powerful Voice of the West 2011). Conclusion and recollection of positives and negatives Even though technology has changed the world, some things stay a part of society. The unique style of broadcasting creates a specific setting for news. The new generation uses internet and computers, so the need for broadcasting might disappear. Most likely, broadcasting will be modified, but will not disappear completely. References Hoeg, W 2009, Digital Audio Broadcasting: Principles and Applications of DAB, DAB + and DMB, John Wiley Sons, West Sussex, United Kingdom. Manovich, L 2000, The Language of New Media. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Scannell, P 2006, What reality has misfortune? Web. The Powerful Voice of the West 2011. Web.

Cures and Strategies for Senioritis

Cures and Strategies for Senioritis You may have first experienced senioritis that strange funk and apathy you feel your senior year, where all you can think about is getting out of school in high school. Senioritis in college, however, can be just as bad, if not worse. And the consequences can be more permanent and severe. Fortunately, there are several ways you can conquer your senioritis and turn your senior year of college into one of great fun and great memories. Take a Class Just for Fun Your first year or two, you were probably taking your prereqs. Then you focused on taking classes in your major. If you have the time in your schedule, try taking a class just for fun. It can be on a topic you always wanted to learn more about (Modernist Poetry?) or something you think will help you in your post-college life (Marketing 101?). Just go for a class that appeals to you because its interesting, not because of what it can add to your already rigorous courseload. Let your mind enjoy the class for what it is, not because you have to be there. Take a Class Pass/Fail This option is often underused by many college students. If you take a class pass/fail, you can relax a bit on your grade. You can focus on other things and reduce a little bit of stress on yourself. Talk to your professor, your advisor, and/or the registrar about what your options are. Do Something in the Arts Did you always want to learn how to paint? Play the flute? Learn modern dance? Let yourself splurge a little and indulge in a desire youve kept hidden until now. After all, after you graduate, taking fun classes like these is going to be much more difficult. Letting yourself do something just for fun, and because it fulfills a creative desire, can be incredibly rewarding and a great cure for the boredom and routine that might be coming from your other classes. Do Something Off Campus Chances are youve been in a little bubble on your campus for several years. Look past the campus walls and see how you can help the surrounding community a little. Can you volunteer in a womens shelter? Help at a homeless organization? Pass out food to the hungry on Sundays? Giving back to the community can really help you gain your perspective, will help improve the community around you, and can re-energize your mind and heart. Additionally, getting off campus at least once a week can do your body good. Challenge Yourself to Try Something New Every Week Chances are, youre feeling apathetic and suffering from senioritis because your life is very routine. Fortunately, youre on a campus where new and exciting things are happening all the time. Challenge yourself and some friends, if you can to try something new every week on campus. Go to a cultural dinner for a kind of food youve never tried before. Go listen to a speaker talking about a topic you could learn a little more about. Attend a film screening for a movie you might have otherwise passed on. Make a New College Memory Every Week Look back at your time in college. Sure, the things youve learned and your in-class education has been important. But just as important can be the memories youve made with other people along the way. Aim to pack as many as you can into your senior year. Try new things, grab some friends, and see what memories you can make with each other. Take a Mini-vacations with Your Friends or Romantic Partner Youre in college now and practically (if not actually) an independent adult. You can rent a hotel room, travel on your own, and go where you want to go  when you want to go there. So book a mini-vacation with some friends or with your romantic partner. It doesnt have to be far, but it should be fun. Escape for the weekend and let yourself enjoy life away from school for a few days. Even if youre tight on money, there are tons of student travel discounts you can use along the way. Do Something Physically Active Feeling apathetic can manifest itself physically. Challenge yourself to do something physical, like take an exercise class at the campus gym or join an intramural sports team. Youll improve your physical health, be able to work your stress out and increase your energy. (Not to mention, of course, that youll tone up and feel more confident!) Mentor a First-year Student It can be easy, during your senior year, to forget all that youve learned and what it was like as a new student on campus. Additionally, it can be easy to forget how fortunate you are to make it through not everyone who starts their first year makes it all the way through to their senior year. Consider mentoring a first-year student in an on-campus mentoring program. Youll regain some perspective, realize how well-off you have it, and help someone else out along the way. Start a Freelance Business Online The news is full of tiny start-ups that start in college residence halls everywhere. Consider what skills you have, what youre good at, and what you like to do. Setting up a website that advertises your services is easy and doesnt cost much money. Youll gain energy as you focus on a new project, maybe earn some extra cash, and get some experience (if not clientele) that you can use after you graduate.

Ethical Issues Affecting Businesses Today Term Paper

Ethical Issues Affecting Businesses Today - Term Paper Example There exists a direct correlation between ethics and businesses, with the long-term benefits associated with the interaction between the two being sustainable businesses. To understand what constitutes a responsible business, it is essential to consider morally acceptable business practices. In this regard, a responsible business behaves ethically and ethics are the moral precepts that determine the acceptable code of behavior (Riley 2012). The responsible business practice entails making decisions that are both legal and morally sound, basing on general standards of acceptable behavior in society. The other notions that work in conjunction with business ethics include corporate social responsibility, corporate responsibility, sustainable business and social enterprise, whereby it is hardly possible to separate these concepts, as they are highly interrelated. This is because an ethical business must be socially responsible, and similarly, a socially responsible business must be ethic al; therefore, these concepts are interlinked. Social responsibility is a broad concept as it covers the relationship between businesses and all the stakeholders involved and this relationship is defined with ethical principles and obligations. Every business is obliged to operate responsibly, and this entails doing what is morally acceptable and right all times; this calls for the establishment of principles that act as guidelines for the business. These principles define how the business relates to other stakeholders in the society such as consumers, suppliers, the surrounding communities and the government at large. Businesses must be careful to maintain good relationships with all these stakeholders for if they have to operate within the financial markets; this has both long term and short-term benefits. Businesses that are able to maintain such effective relationships are thus said to be socially responsible;  a socially responsible  business meets its  obligations to soc iety. For instance, businesses are expected to treat their employees with the utmost respect especially concerning employee privacy and protect employee rights such as entitlement to decent wages (Patil 2012); businesses that breach this obligation are bound to face criticism. Many businesses today have signed the UN Global Compact that obliges them to be socially responsible especially concerning environmental protection, human rights and labor standards (â€Å"From Fringe to mainstream† 2012). There has been a global drive to help firms become more socially responsible, especially with the initiatives of B- Lab, a non-profit organization that helps private firms be socially responsible (â€Å"B Lab's Bart Houlahan† 2012). Corporate responsibility entails being accountable to the society in general, by engaging in healthy business practices that promote the wellbeing of the world at large. In this case, businesses must take responsibility for their actions, as a form of responsible business behavior as opposed to being insensitive and unresponsive. Both excellent and awful corporate responsibility influences not only on the local communities of operation but also on the world at large. For instance, corporate responsibility has socio-economic and environmental effects in the world, and these can be either positive or negative.

How Does Amazon.Com Use Their Digital Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

How Does Amazon.Com Use Their Digital - Essay Example The success of Amazon.com has been highly related to its strategy. Reference should be primarily made to the product to which Amazon.com was initially related: books. After reviewing the selling potentials of this product, Bezos came to the assumption that books had an important advantage compared to other products: they could attract the interest of buyers under the terms that ‘they are appropriately presented through the website’ (Schneider 2011, p.45). Also, due to their size, ‘books are difficult to be held in stock at high numbers’ (Schneider 2011, p.45). Even a quite large bookshop cannot stock more than 200,000 books (Schneider 2011). Being able to offer to customers a high range of choices in regard to the particular product has been a distinctive characteristic of Amazon.com (Schneider 2011). The potentials of Amazon.com to secure a high range of available titles for its customers have highly enhanced the firm’s performance. In other words, t he success of Amazon has been secured by focusing on the type and range of product offered to the public. In addition, the emphasis has been given on the marketing tool used for the promotion of this product to the market. When Amazon.com appeared, the Internet was considered as a quite promising tool of communication. For contemporary management theory, the behavior of organizations is considered as influenced by a variety of factors, related to different scientific fields, such as ‘psychology, economics, and sociology’.... The strategic choices of Bezos have been proved quite effective; within just 8 years the firm managed to achieve a profit of $5 billion (case study). By 2008, the firm’s customers reached the 76 million (case study). The firm’s practice to emphasize on ‘low price, convenience and variety of merchandise’ (case study) has highly contributed in the rapid growth of the organization. 2.2 Evaluation of Amazon’s strategy using the literature The success of Amazon.com has been highly related to its strategy. Reference should be primarily made to the product to which Amazon.com was initially related: books. After reviewing the selling potentials of this product, Bezos, came to the assumption that books had an important advantage compared to other products: they could attract the interest of buyers under the terms that ‘they are appropriately presented through the website’ (Schneider 2011, p.45). Also, due to their size, ‘books are difficult to be held in stock at high numbers’ (Schneider 2011, p.45). Even a quite large bookshop cannot stock more than 200,000 books (Schneider 2011). Being able to offer to customers a high range of choices in regard to the particular product has been a distinctive characteristic of Amazon.com (Schneider 2011). The potentials of Amazon.com to secure a high range of available titles for its customers have highly enhanced the firm’s performance (Schneider 2011). In other words, the success of Amazon has been secured by focusing on the type and range of product offered to the public. In addition, emphasis has been given on the marketing tool used for the promotion of this product to the market. When Amazon.com appeared, Internet was considered as a quite promising tool of communication. The value of Internet for

Victorian Society in The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Essay Example for Free

Victorian Society in The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Essay The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde is a Horror story written by Robert Louis Stevenson. The novella explores the divided nature of human personality and Victorian society by telling the story of a respectable gentleman named Dr Jekyll, who devolves into a beast by the name of Mr Hyde. The dominant theme of the novella is the theme of the double. Stevenson explores this in many different ways throughout the novella. Some of the characters in the book turn out to be very different from what they at first appear to be. For instance, Gabriel Utterson has a very rough countenance and looks quite ugly but he is a very nice, respectable gentleman of the novella and he is also a lawyer that helps down-going men. Also, Dr Jekyll, one of the main characters of the book, is very different from what he appeared to be. He becomes the most hideous character of the novella, Mr Hyde. The first time we encounter Mr Hyde, is during Enfields terrible sight of a little girl being trampled over. Stevenson conveys how dark the streets are by focusing on the lamps which can be seen onstreet after street. Stevenson also draws our attention to the emptiness of the streets, emphasising this by using the simile all as empty as a church. Stevenson builds up a sense of mounting fear by adding that Enfield is so frightened that he listens and listens and begins to long for the sight of a policeman. Stevenson uses the character of Mr Hyde because he is everything a monster is. He is the definition of a monster and his appearance is very easy to picture. Mr Hyde is often described using animal imagery. An example of this is when Mr Enfield witnesses first hand a terrible sight of a little girl being trampled over, for the man calmly trampled over the girls body. Elsewhere, in the novella, he is compared to a hissing snake, a snarling dog and an athletic monkey and this reinforces the idea that he is some way sub-human. It is also significant that Hyde is only ever seen in the shadow, darkness or fog because he represents the hidden and mysterious side of mans personality. Stevenson uses language in a way that reveals to us the characters insincerity or sincerity by the way they speak. In the novella, there are many different characters which use their language in different ways. For example, Dr Jekyll speaks in a very indirect, reserved and cagey way of speech. He proves this in chapter three, when he become quite angry and tries to dissuade Utterson from pursuing the topic of his will, You do not understand my position, and this shows that he is reserved and unwilling to express his emotions. Utterson is also reserved and indirect. However Mr Hyde speaks with short simple and direct words like What do you want, this shows that he is very straight-forward, direct and emotional because he is not afraid to show his emotions or tell people what he thinks. Mr Hyde does speak quite aggressively also, which reveals that he is open minded and doesnt think properly before speaking. He is honest and straight to the point because he doesnt mind to tell people his thoughts. In a strange way, then, the villain of the story is more honest than its hypocritical hero. Poole is the lower-classed disreputable character in the novella as he is Dr Jekylls butler. His use of language shows that he is willing to express his emotions. For example, he also uses short direct way of speech. Through the use of different types of speech, Stevenson seems to suggest that the more respectable and self-restrained the person the more insincere and emotionally dishonest they are. In his exploration of the divided personality, Stevenson draws our attention to the divided nature of London in the 1880s. Throughout the novella, we are aware of the fact that the main respectable characters such as Utterson, Enfield, Lanyon and Jekyll all live in and around Cavendish Square. They live in that citadel of medicine, in ancient, handsome houses, which have a great air of wealth and comfort. However, we learn that the shadowy character, Edward Hyde, lives in the less respectable part of London, Soho. We also learn that he lives on a dingy street in villainous, blackguardly Surroundings. Stevenson, then, by connecting Cavendish Square with Soho, connects the rich characters in the book to the poor ones. Towards the end of the Nineteenth century, Soho was one of the least respectable areas of London. Soho was the kind of area where you would find crowded, shabby streets, people of all different nationalities, cheap eating houses, music halls, brothels or criminals making crooked deals. By connecting these two areas, Stevenson seems to be saying that the two are actually inseparable, that the rich cannot exist without the poor, that Jekyll cannot exist without Hyde. The reason that Mr Hyde who lives in Soho is in the novella at the time of dark is to show that his personality is a dark person inside. However, Jekyll and the others that live in and around Cavendish Square are in the novella at the time of light because they are bright characters who appear to be wholly good and removed from evil. Victorian society was highly moralistic and encouraged respectable gentleman to keep their private lives carefully hidden away. Stevenson makes this point by including numerous symbols of privacy and secrecy throughout the novella. For instance, Dr Jekylls laboratory is at the back of his houses which showed no window. This suggests that Dr Jekyll does not want people to know what he does in his own time because the simple reason that Victorian society was too highly moralistic. This kind of secrecy carries on through the novella with other characters as well. For example, Mr Utterson receives a package from Dr Lanyon which he examined in his office. Before opening the package he locks the door of his own office which shows that Utterson is very secretive about his business and does not want to be associated with down going men. The package was then put in a safe so that no one could have seen it. Taken as a whole, these symbols of secrecy reinforce the idea that Victorian gentlemen were compelled to keep their private lives hidden away. I think that the themes of the novel are not relevant now because the society is not so strict and people dont have to cover up their different types of living or their utmost desires.

moral Essays -- essays papers

moral For nearly thirty years he has amplified his Cognitive-Developmental theory of moralisation which has now become prominent in the field of moral development and its application to moral education. Kohlberg proposed that moral difficulties motivated their own development through a fixed sequence of increasingly adaptable kinds of moral reasoning. He conducted most of his work at Harvard University and developed his stage model in 1969. Working through the 1950’s and 60’s using longitudinal and cross sectional studies he proposed 6 stages of development (see Appendix 1) identified through the responses of children presented with moral dilemmas. Piaget, his former tutor, proposed only 2 stages of moral development these being the Hetronomous and Autonomous stages. He was not so much interested in the judgments made but the reasons for the judgment, differing from Piaget he saw the stages as part of cognitive development. He was interested in how people think rather than what they think. These reasons represent to Kohlberg the structure of judgment, centering around 10 universal moral issues or values. Piaget believed autonomous moral reasoning to occur between ages 10-12 whereas Kohlberg proposes adolescence or even adulthood. These values are punishment, property and law, roles and concerns of affection, roles and concerns of authority, life, liberty, justice, truth and sex. From its earliest transmission Kohlberg has not been without critics. Although his work is of unquestionable importance Peter’s (1971) warned: â€Å"There is a grave danger that they (Kohlberg’s findings) may become exhalted into a general theory of moral development† may be seen by some to have been fulfilled. Although Kohlberg’s work is vast, the following will look at universality, briefly at gender and morality and following this methodology. Kohlberg’s Universality The biggest challenge for Kohlberg’s theory is to explain how the process of self-creation and mental structures can be universal despite cultural, subcultural and environmental differences that exist in all of us. The principles of Kohlberg’s stage 6 is of universal justice and respect for individual rights Kohlberg (1969, 1971). Using his moral judgment interview he tried to address confounding factors of universality although latter admitted that the modal ages... ...ate Adolescence and Adulthood: A Critique and Reconstruction of Kohlberg’s Therapy; Human Development 23, 2 pp 77-104 Holstein, C. (1976) ‘Irreversible, Stepwise Sequence in the Development of Moral Judgment: A Longitudinal Study of Males and Females; Child Development’ 47, 1 pp 51-61 Lemming, J. (1974) ‘An Empirical examination of Key Assumptions Underlying the Kohlberg Rationale for Moral Education; ERIC Document Reproduction Service Number ED 093-749 â€Å"Willhel, F. (1977) ‘The Effects of the Extent of Training on Teacher Discussion behaviours and Children’s Moral Reasoning Development; Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Stage University of New York at Albany Modgil, S. & Modgil, C. (1985) Kohlberg, L. Consensus and Controversy, International Masterminds Challenge, Falmer Press England Pepperdine University http://moon.pepperdine.edu/asep/class/ethics/kohlberg/pro%26con_argumentsh+ml Woods, C. (1986) Journal of Social Behaviour and Personality 1996; Vol 24(4) 375-384 Wilson, R. (1995) Moral Interventions in Education Setting. http://www.interchg.vbc.ca/rw/psy413-1.htm Gross. R, (1996) Psychology The Science of Mind and Behaviour.Hodder and Stoughton.

Our Experience as Teachers of ILEC Essay

We are Mauricio Munoz (a teacher) and Adela Perez del Viso (a lawyer and trainee teacher), the two Legal English teachers at the Colegio de Abogados de San Luis, the San Luis (Argentina) Bar Association. My idea of teaching Legal English started in 1998 when I took a course at an Academy (located on Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, U. K. ). My teacher was, by then, Mr. Brian Catlow. The organizers made us visit different courtrooms in Cambridge and in London. It was fascinating. Afterwards, I got to know about the ILEC exam, which was a huge academic improvement: now we had a purpose for these studies, a method, a set of contents, a book (and now more than a book), etc. I sat for the Ilec exam in 2009, after two complete years of hard study. Now we organize these courses at the Bar Association, and we know that only some students will come and stay: those who have a very good command of the language, and at the same time those who are keen on the legal field. During this year we organized two â€Å"modules†: the first one, based on General Principles and Contracts. with all the units related to Contracts); the second module, devoted to Company Law (3 units) plus Labour/Employment Law. The decision to divide the whole course in 3 or 4 modules have allowed us to set some goals which seem to be not so far in time; at the same time, it allows other students (who have not started with the original group) to join us, for instance, at the 2nd module. We organize every class with the material presented by the Ilec book, along with videos taken from the internet, movies, trailers (in this sense, John Grisham? books, movies and trailers are quite good), some University classes that can be retrieved from the internet (for instance, some classes from American universities, related to Contracts), etc. Only when time presses, we work on the ILEC book alone, which is quite complete. Next year we are planning to acquire the new edition of the ILEC/ TRANSLEGAL/ C. U. P. book, with the hope that it will present new material to practice with our students. One thing that is quite important, as always when training for any international exam, is to teach strategies to cope with the requirements of the different papers. We explain every one of the papers, and rehearse them with the students, so as they do not feel out of place whenever they sit for the final exam, in the future. Our students are quite committed, even though most of them are lawyers and have a lot of work to do. One of our students comes every time from a place located 140 km from our centre. They have felt quite encouraged with the contents of the course, and some of them are dreaming to travel abroad, or perhaps to get any kind of scholarship and study a course in an English-speaking country. The only thing that our students sometimes ask us is to provide some information as regards criminal law. We sometimes take some elements from the other book related to Legal English, called Introduction to International legal E. and from â€Å"Profesional English in Use†. But we explain to them that these contents are not required for the ILEC exam so far. We think that the ILEC course, and the ILEC exam have really fulfilled the aim of setting an outstanding goal to Legal English students; establishing a future goal to those who like to study English hard, and to combine the experience with their own legal expertise.

Child Development – Case Study

Child Development – Case studies Mrs Roberts is returning to work after maternity leave. Today she has an appointment with a local nursery as she requires full time care for Timothy who is six months old. Mrs Roberts is extremely anxious as Timothy is her first born and she is feeling guilty about returning to work and leaving him in childcare. How will you ensure that Mrs Roberts and timothy are reassured? Explain the daily nursery routines to Mrs Roberts such as play sessions, toilet, and food. Give her the Policy & Procedures booklet and ask questions about Timothy – likes, dislikes, special requirements. Be reassuring and understanding with regard to her apprehensions and explain that good communication between the nursery, parents and child are essential. Maybe suggest that she could stay for a while in the first few sessions to reassure her about how Timothy is handling the transition. How could their situation affect practice? You must be wary of the other children at the nursery – how may they react to a parent staying? Set a length of time that she could stay and suggest for only 3 sessions initially. All Staff must be made aware of the situation and confidentiality be adhered to. Today is Bethany’s first day at pre-school. Bethany who is an only child has attended for short spells with her mother which went well. Bethany has woke up this morning with a tummy ache, her mother suspects it is related to going to pre- school and reassures her daughter. When Bethany arrives at pre- school she becomes very clingy to mum and when mum goes to leave she starts to cry and gets upset. How will you deal with the situation? Reassure mum and Bethany. Be friendly and engage the child in funny conversation and/or involve them in play. Identify her favourite thing to do – distraction point. How will you reassure mum? Explain to mum that ‘Bethany will be fine’ and if there are any problems they will contact her. How will you reassure Bethany? Explain that ‘She will see mummy later’, show her the clock/time line and show when mummy will be back. Introduce her to some other children – meet a friend and distract with play, keep her busy. Rosie and Jim are 4 year old twins today they will be staring primary school, the twins will be doing mornings for a week before going all day, their parents have decided to split the twins at school so that they can develop as individuals. The twins wake up very excited about going to school which pleases their parents, however when they arrive at school they become agitated and upset when they realise that they are in different classes. How are you going to reassure the twins? Explain to them the day’s routine and show them a time line, pointing out when the twins will be together – break times, story time, end of day. Encourage them to meet new people and play with different things. How are you going to reassure the parents? Explain to them the day’s routine and tell them when the twins will be together – break times etc. Ensure that the parents are given positive feedback. What contingency plan could you have in place? Ensure that the twins will be together at least once a day. Show both twins where the other one is – classroom. Put a ‘buddy’ with them both – so they always have someone. Worst case – put them in the same class! by Jo Quinn

Wether, Weather, Whether

Wether, Weather, Whether Wether, Weather, Whether Wether, Weather, Whether By Sharon Wether is a prime example of a word that will slip past the spell check. It is easily confused with two of its homonyms, whether and weather. Flying fingers find it easy to miss the single letter that separates them. Unless youre a farmer, you might not even know that wether is either a: male sheep or ram (the Oxford Dictionary of Etymology traces its roots to Old English, Old High German, Old Norse and Goth) or a: castrated ram or billy goat (according to A Word A Day). We all know that MS Word can be easily confused, but theres no need for us to face the same confusion. Weather, that stuff up there in the sky, is the condition of the atmosphere with respect to heat or cold, calm or storm, etc. Thats according to the Oxford Dictionary of Etymology. Interestingly, when it was first used in Old English in the 12th century, weather always had adverse implications. In the 14th century, the term also referred to the wind direction, and its roots lie in various terms meaning either wind or storm. Weathering, derived from weather, is the result of exposure to wind and weather. The frequently misspelled whether is used to introduce a question, often outlining a choice between options. Its roots lie in Old English and Old High German. Heres my attempt at using them all in a sentence. The farmer wondered whether the adverse weather had affected his wether. Video Recap Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Has vs. Had10 Techniques for More Precise WritingEnglish Grammar 101: Prepositions

Allopatric Speciation and Habitat Adaptation Lab Report

Allopatric Speciation and Habitat Adaptation Purpose The purpose of this study is to determine if allopatric speciation i.e. divergence of species occurs because of geographic isolation Introduction Allopatric speciation is the result of geographical isolation of species due to physical barriers and each separated population adopting specific physical features to suit their new habitat. A good example is the Caribbean Anolis lizards that have varied limb size and shape depending on whether they live on the ground or on trees. (Ref. Losos Laboratory, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University). However there are also cases where two physically isolated populations have not changed morphologically but do not interbreed. Snapping shrimps on either side of the Isthmus that links the North and South American continents are physically similar but the opposite sexes attack, rather than mate when artificially paired. Ref. Nancy Knowlton, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama Hypothesis/Predicted Outcome It is hypothesized that physical or geographical isolation does not result in allopatric speciation or the creation of distinct species, based on the study by Futuyama and Mayer. Methods Our experiment was on observing and comparing the diversity in African Buffalo species present in different parts of the African continent. Results/Outcome Results showed that their skin colour, body mass (weight) and size has changed to suit their habitat as given in this Table. S.No. Species Geography Phenotype Character 1. Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer caffer) South and East Africa Well built with Black skin Weight ~900 kg 2. Forest buffalo (S. c. nanus) Central and West Africa Red skin, ~4 feet height, weight ~270 kg 3. Sudanese buffalo (S. c. brachyceros) West Africa Dark colour, weight ~600 kg 4. Nile buffalo (S.c. aequinoctialis) Central Africa Lighter than Cape buffallo, smaller Discussion/Analysis Based on this study, we can conclude that geographical isolation results in speciation accompanied with change in phenotype to match the local requirement. Therefore, our original hypothesis that â€Å"physical or geographical isolation does not result in allopatric speciation† has been proved to be incorrect. References: 1. .Douglas J. Futuyma and Gregory C. Mayer Non-Allopatric Speciation in Animals Systematic Zoology Vol. 29, No. 3 (Sep., 1980), pp. 254-271 URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2412661 2. Losos Laboratory, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University. 3. Nancy Knowlton, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama http://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/tdc02.sci.life.evo.allopatric/

Creative Writing Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Creative Writing Assignment - Essay Example Just with any other marriage, his was approved by the committee and certified by the Party. He knew very little about his wife Susan when they got married after Edmond has just turned 25 and she was 22. They seem fit to be wed and that was enough reason to do so. The committee seemed to agree by affirming their union. But what ensued after the marriage was something they did not expect. All their conception about marriage and the relationship between two people does not seem adequate to describe what they have. They have nurtured a trusting acceptance of each other and where sex is deplorable at first, they have grown to enjoy it as much as the company of each other. It was beyond companionship. Susan’s first pregnancy proved difficult which led them to decide to stay at her mother’s house before her due up until the first month after giving birth. Lucy and Edmond knew nothing about childcare. Lucy, Susan’s mother, lives in an old beaten-up yet warm house with a spacious yard. The house is right next to a shop owned by a certain Mr. Charrington. She is a typical matriarch up and about in her house incessantly cooking, washing and sweeping. She takes care of two other grandchildren. She had been a complete delight except for a few stories that she tells about life before the Revolution that even she can’t reconcile. Lucy at times mentions the change in Mr. Charrington since his wife’s death and how his entire business has turned shady. She even told him how she has seen a man peering outside one of the windows. Edmond dismissed all of these with a smile and a few neutral comments he figured could not hurt an old lady. Hi figured his sporadic conversations which at times tend to be subversive is enough trouble for both of them. Lucy constantly cared for them and could not be more pleased to a new addition to the household squeals. He knew he was capable of doublethink and has proved to be a difficult albeit useful

Inflation and Deflation in the Czech Republic since 1998 Essay

Inflation and Deflation in the Czech Republic since 1998 - Essay Example Czechoslovak was famous for export industries, especially automotive ones then. But the major policy change stopped the export growth of the state. Even though the following governments tried some measures to keep economy strong, nothing could help. The Communist Regime allowed only state owned enterprises and state lead economic planning. It relied more on artificial pricing of commodities. No political, cultural or economic liberalization was allowed. Year after year the situation became worse only and it led to a total tragedy within a few decades. By 1980s, Czechoslovakia started facing deep crisis and people started protesting. In the initial days the protests were not so strong and the Government tried to suppress it. But it was not possible. Protests gathered momentum and by 1989 the Communist Government resigned. It was followed by democratic election which was the beginning of a new era as far as the history of Czechoslovakia is concerned. The major policy change in USSR allowing liberalization at to a limited extent and the weakening of power of Communists in neighboring states like East Germany and Poland also influenced the developments which led to the situation of Communists loosing power in Czechoslovakia. In the elections conducted in 1990, Vclav Havel got elected as President. The new Government formed under his leadership decided anyway to march away from the track of Communism. Policy was framed to strengthen economy following the footsteps of the already developed economies. Free market and privatization were introduced in the state for the first time. This change could create some positive signs in economy. Both Czech and Slovakia got independent prime ministers according to federal structure and later they decided to part and remain two separate independent states. Thus on 1993 January First Czech became a sovereign republic. Soon the state started making remarkable growth in its economy. But unfortunately good days didn't last long. By 1997 Prime Minister was ousted from power and this political stability along with other issues took the state to a deep economic crisis. The speculative attack on Koruna in May 1997 stopped the growth signs of economy. This made the Czech econom y 'stagflant' which led to major issues like loss of employment, lesser production, acceleration of deflation, etc. But the political leadership continued the attempt to lead the state to prosperity. They made a shift in the nature of foreign trading. More concentration was put in trade with the Western countries whereas it was towards the East earlier. For creating enough fund for various activities, Czech relied on international funding agencies. They could successfully manage to get both grants and loans from institutions like World Ban, International Monetary Fund, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the European Investment Bank, etc. External debt in 1999 was about 24.3 billion Dollars. Since major share of this loan amount was used for nothing but building up the nation's economy itself, indirectly the loan burden was supporting the prosperity of the state. The fact that Czech could repay some loans before schedule makes it undoubtedly clear that the policy change was going in the right direction. In 1999 inflation was very less, average rate being 2.1 % only. The significant fall in inflation cannot be seen just as the after effect of internal policies or situation alone. The deflation in other

Financial Reporting Appraisal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Financial Reporting Appraisal - Essay Example Many authors have dealt with the issue of clarity and understand ability of the annual reports (Lee and Tweedie, 1975; Smith, 1992; Keane, 1977). In fact many authors emphasised the fact that shareholders tend to read the narrative part of the annual report which normally includes good news, rather than reading statutory part and usually investors make their investment decisions depending on those good news (Tauringana and Chong, 2004; Smith and Taffler, 1992). However In order to make an informed investment decision, an investor who is contemplating investment needs to understand both the potential rewards and the associated risks (IOSCO, 1995). The main aim of this report is to summarise what has been proposed so far about improvement in effectiveness of annual reports in shape of 11 models discussed in ICAEW report. A judgement criterion has also been prepared according to which the annual reports of three company Johnson Matthey plc, Smith and Nephew plc and Smiths Group plc will be analysed. An award will be granted to the Company, which has adopted most of these models in order to improve business reporting and serving the needs of the users. Problems addressed: With the changing business methods and environment the values playing important part in business has also changed. The label of assets has transformed from tangible to intangible assets. In this scenario it is become difficult for the users to analyse the future performance of the company. The companies mostly practise the old traditional accounting techniques according to which intangible assets such as knowledge brand etc are not included in the financial statements as assets. Although in today's business scenario it is important for the users to have complete knowledge of these intangible assets in order to undertake their decisions accordingly. Solution provided: The authors of the model proposed that in order to help the investors and users to evaluate the value of the company the information provided needs to be more transparent regarding the intangible assets as compare to the past. The model suggest that all the tangible and intangible assets need to be continuously, means used to their fair values and should be reported in order to provide the clear and transparent information. The model gives three dimensions to the information 1) Assets and their configuration represented by company. 2) Information on assets relating to external environment management process and value. 3) Time. The model suggests the businesses to reveal information about their mission, strategy, and business process and risk management. The model can best serve the purpose of today's users since it provides information in many segments, which can help the user to find out the information, related to him. The model is the best way to respond to the needs of openers and transparency, which will be the most attractive value generating forces in the future. Criterion no. 2: Hermes Principle: (ICAEW, p. 65) Problems

Examining Guillain Barre Syndrome

Examining Guillain Barre Syndrome Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS) is a rare immune mediated polyneuropathy that occurs in previously healthy individuals. The purpose of this paper is to provide readers with an understanding of Guillain Barre and conflictions GBS has with other medical resources and diseases. Included in this research paper are topics on origin, symptoms, treatments, medications and conflictions of medical resources with Guillain Barre. Guillain-Barre Syndrome is an acute autoimmune disease that changes the peripheral nervous system and less commonly the motor or cranial nerves. GBS is random producing no warning and is an inflammatory condition that can lead to progressive muscle weakness and paralysis. It is a very rare sight in emergency departments and differentiating its early stages from common viral illnesses is also extremely difficult. Inflammation of the peripheral nerves affect the arms and legs resulting in impaired function, weakness, loss of feeling and limb paralysis with or without pain. Guillain-BarreÂÂ ´ syndrome (GBS) is an immune-mediated polyneuropathy with a worldwide incidence of 1-4 patients per 100 000 inhabitants (European Journal of Neurology 2008, p. 1332). Disease Name and Synonyms The syndrome was named after the French physicians Guillain, Barre and Strohl, who were the first to describe it in 1916. It is sometimes called Landrys paralysis, after the French physician who first described a variant of it in 1859. (All about Guillain Barre Syndrome. (01-2009) symptoms. Retrieved from http://www.jsmarcussen.com/gbs/uk/symptoms.htm) GBS is not just one disease the syndrome has several variations differentiated by their symptoms, the infections preceding it, the extent of the inflammatory phase, severity, and disorder site. Common variations of the disorder are as follows: Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (AIDP) which is the most frequent form of GBS in the Western part of the World. Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy (AMAN), Acute Motor and Sensory Axonal Neuropathy (AMSAN) and the cranial nerve variant of GBS called Miller Fisher Syndrome (MFS) are all forms of GBS but are not as common as AIDP. Symptoms Symptoms usually begin in the patients feet, face or hands it spread to the arms or legs, it increase in potency as symptoms travel towards the midpoint of the body. The symptoms commonly play a part on both left and right sides of the body. GBS is so irregular that motor symptoms or interferences in the autonomous system may not be detected. It has been reported in rarer cases that GBS has affected an arm or leg without spreading to the rest of the individuals body. (All about Guillain Barre Syndrome. (01-2009) symptoms. Retrieved from http://www.jsmarcussen.com/gbs/uk/symptoms.htm) In some patients, the skin acquires hyperalgesia, or sensitivity to touch intensifies by bed sheets, socks and close-fitting shoes; in severe circumstances pain may limit walking. Patients with symptoms constrained to the feet and ankles may notice related symptoms in the fingertips; as the symptoms expand to the knees they possibly will extend to the wrists. Seldom do these symptoms spread out beyond the knees into other parts of the body. Elevation of leucocytes and protein in the cerebrospinal fluid strongly indicates a diagnosis of GBS. The patient loses the capacity to tell the difference amongst hot and cold, and may feel cold or may possibly start to sweat for no apparent reason. The patients may even receive injures without noticing; their sense of taste can be affected; motor nerve fibers may be damaged as well. The patient encounters a communication interruption between what he wants to perform and his ability to perform the desired act; because the motor nerves regulate movement, the damage inflicted to them triggers partial or complete blockage of the motor signals. The body surface affected by the damaged nerves drops its ability to function normally, causing reduced movement or coordination. The patients muscles dwindle and waste; tendon reflexes are diminished or lost. An example of this is when slightly striking on the front of the patients knee and that act not inducing a kick reaction. Advanced weakening or paralysis could occur, on average arising in the feet, hands or face. The paralysis characteristically consists of more than one extremity, most frequently the legs. The paralysis is persistent and usually rising; expanding to the rest of the limb, and from there may extend to other extremities such as the legs, arms and the remainder of the body. Legs feel heavy; it becomes problematic to stand or climb flight of steps, or even to walk. The patient may struggle holding and manipulating objects, such as pins and buttons. Arms may seem weak and the patient will no longer be able to lift heavy objects. The weakness may possibly be complemented by pain and involuntary muscle contractions. Constipation is more often a predicament, due to the condensed movement of the intestines, modification of diets, declining stomach muscles that contest the physical exertion by the individual to force out the intestinal contents. Around 28% of patients with the syndrome endure and are able to walk unaided. In certain cases, the face could be affected when injury occurs to the cranial nerves. These nerves attach the brain en route to the muscles of the face, tongue and jaw, and also regulate the muscles that move the patients head, neck and shoulders. While the paralysis evolves, all these regions may be paralyzed. The eyelids or one side of the face possibly will hang down resembling Bells palsy; the face loses its ability to express emotions. The individuals voice may change given that the vocal chords are impaired. Speech may be incomprehensible, because the number of muscles required to form speech are declining. Deafness is rare but then again has been reported. The progressive weakness has affected patients with varying intensities, and may be life threatening. The autonomic nerve system may be disrupted with the combination of pain, weakness, and sensory disruptions that are generally so frightening that the more inconspicuous alterations in the patients autonomous nerve system might be unnoticed. The autonomous nervous system controls the inner organs, the organs functions are carried out automatically, examples of this is when the body secrets hormones, creates vision, urination, breathing, heartbeat, etc. It is these functions that may be disrupted, which will result in arrhythmia, unstable blood pressure, blurred or double vision, vertigo, fainting spells, inability to regulate the body temperature, trouble breathing, reduced ability to control the function of the stomach, digestive system and bladder, loss of weight, vomiting after meals, reduced function of various glands, incontinence, impotency, and the bladder may feel as it is not being emptied no matter how many times it is expelled. It is also very well noted that most patients have had a common infection three weeks prior to GBS and it seems that the infection triggers the onset of GBS. Treatment Treatment options for GBS focus on lessening the severity of the symptoms and accelerating recovery. Three main therapies are used to achieve this: intravenous immunoglobulin, plasma exchange and CSF filtration. Intravenous immunoglobulin is understood to block the receptors on microphages preventing an attack on the Schwann cells and myelin. Plasma exchange works by circulating blood through a machine which removes antibodies, and replacing fluid loss with albumin. Cerebrospinal fluid filtration, which removes cells, including inflammatory mediators, is less commonly used. Research suggests that intravenous immunoglobulin and plasma exchange are the most common and effective treatment for GBS, when started within the first 2 weeks of syndromes onset. Quick intervention using either one of these treatments appears to be successful and may possibly reduce recovery time. Both treatments are very good and neither is superior to the other, and there is no advantage to merging these treat ments. The main treatment for GBS is preventing and dealing with the complications (such as breathing complications or infections) and providing supportive care until symptoms begin to improve. This may include; reducing your breathing difficulties, sometimes with the help of a breathing machine, monitoring your blood pressure and heart rate is also good preventative care. Providing adequate nutrition if you have problems chewing and swallowing is also a key to overcoming this syndrome. The patent should attend physical therapy to help maintain muscle strength and flexibility. Preventing and treating complications such as pneumonia, blood clots in the legs, or urinary tract infections. Other treatment of (GBS) depends on how severe your symptoms are. Careful monitoring is very important during the early stages of GBS because life threatening complications can occur within twenty four hours after symptoms first start. Conflictions of Medical Resources with Guillain Barre In 1976, vaccination against a new swine influenza A (H1N1) virus was linked to a substantial increased risk for GBS in the forty two days after vaccination (approximately 10 excess cases per 1 million vaccinations) considerations of ending the immunization program where taken into account despite the circumstantial severity of the influenza viruss transmission around the world. There are certain circumstances in which immunizing individuals, particularly those with a prior history of GBS, may call for caution. However, the benefit of inoculations in averting disease and decreasing morbidity and mortality, particularly for influenza, needs to be weighed against the potential risk of GBS. Destruction of the axonal or myelin membranes could presumably be mediated directly by vaccine virus or vaccine-associated products, or infection or damage of surrounding supporting cells by virus could lead to insertion of virus specified polypeptides into host cell membranes, resulting in a humeral or cell-mediated autoimmune response to the infected cell. Finally, axons or myelin cells could potentially be damaged by the introduction of sequestered myelin antigens into the circulation, inciting autoimmunity. Moreover, it is likely that host factors and genetic polymorphisms may result in a predisposition to GBS in some individuals. Several studies have suggested that various polymorphisms, including genes of the T-cell glycolipid. Recovery Making a prediction about recovery is impossible. Recovery begins as abruptly and mysteriously as when GBS symptoms first started to appear. The symptoms fade gradually, but could take weeks, months or even years to finally get rid of. The development of the disease fluctuates for each patient. Recovery takes 3 to 6 months for most people, and only about two thirds of them ever recover completely. As tingling, numbness and pain dissipates, strength comes back to the affected parts of the body, mostly in the reverse order of sequence as when the signs first appeared. This indicates that in most cases, the arms and fingers will regain their strength prior to the legs, however right handed patients may experience there muscle strength returning to their left hand before their right hand. Axonal damage begins to be repaired; the axon grows little by little and is increasingly wrapped by myelin. The myelin sheath can grow outward in as little as a couple of days, while it could take longer for the body to repair a damaged axon. Example of this is a motor nerve that is regenerated at a rate of 1 mm/day, so it can take weeks if not months to restore a damaged nerve. Demyelination is then repaired by the regeneration of the myelin sheath. The rate of regenerating myelination depends on the amount of damage. The sheath consists of multiple layers that grow back gradually; the myelin has to have a particular thickness prior to the nerve cells recapturing its ability to transmit impulses. The myelin sheath may never regain its normal thickness. These facets decrease the nerve signal transmission speed forever, after the patient has recovered from GBS. Research on the use of treatments that speed up the growth of motor nerves is under way but no one will know when they will arrive or if they will ever arrive. There is no feasible way in predicting which nerves will regenerate. Research states that damaged axons are not restored, and that the surrounding axons send branches out that take over the roles of the impaired nerves, in the affected part of the body. The area could function again, and it may seem as if the muscle has regained full strength, but the muscle and nerves have to work harder to carry out the same job and they end up tiring faster than was the case prior to GBS.

Social Class In The Us And Britain Essay examples -- American History

Social Class in the US and Britain Although the United States was a British Colony in the early 1700s, the differences between the two were definitely noticeable, especially in the socioeconomic fields, mostly due to the fact that slavery played a much larger role in the United States. At least from the moment in 1620 when the Mayflower anchored off Cape Cod, there has been an American Dream. Though hard to define, it usually entails the concept of freedom, justice and equality. Despite variations in the content of the dream there is one constant, the American Dream is a dream of the future and as such implies the idea of progress, change and equality. Our dreams may differ from those of the men who wrote the Mayflower Compact because they expressed a dream more by implication than by statement, yet the men who subscribed to it clearly felt that they were engaged in an effort to establish a better order of society than their fathers had known. In the US, Colonial Society was composed of several social classes. These in turn determined political rights, legal rights, personal attire, and many other trivial aspects of society. (1727: Colonial America) For example, in church and in college, people were seated according to their social status. The differences among the social classes were very noticeable, and birth and pedigree counted for more than they do today. (Population and Social Rank) The ruling class consisted of the gentry, whose definition varied from North to South. Generally, they owned farms or plantations and were merchants, doctors, lawyers, or ministers. (1727: Colonial America) In the North, this also included clergymen, college professors, and great landowners in New York. In the South, the gentry were u... ...r on triangular trade and made the concept familiar with US citizens. In a way, the British almost used the US as a way of testing if slavery would work, but in the end gave their colony too much power and wealth, leading to the Independence. Works Cited Deary, Terry. The Gorgeous Georgians. London, England: Scholastic Children's Books, 1998. Gordon, Edward J.. American Literature. 4th Edition. Boston, MA: Ginn & Co. Publishers, 1975. Several Authors. "1727: Colonial America." 2001-2007. 16 Apr 2008 . Sommerville, J.P.. "Social Structure." University of Wisconsin-Madison History Department. 20 Apr 2008 . Whitten, Chris. "Population and Social Rank." History of the USA. 2001-2007. 09 Apr 2008 . Social Class In The Us And Britain Essay examples -- American History Social Class in the US and Britain Although the United States was a British Colony in the early 1700s, the differences between the two were definitely noticeable, especially in the socioeconomic fields, mostly due to the fact that slavery played a much larger role in the United States. At least from the moment in 1620 when the Mayflower anchored off Cape Cod, there has been an American Dream. Though hard to define, it usually entails the concept of freedom, justice and equality. Despite variations in the content of the dream there is one constant, the American Dream is a dream of the future and as such implies the idea of progress, change and equality. Our dreams may differ from those of the men who wrote the Mayflower Compact because they expressed a dream more by implication than by statement, yet the men who subscribed to it clearly felt that they were engaged in an effort to establish a better order of society than their fathers had known. In the US, Colonial Society was composed of several social classes. These in turn determined political rights, legal rights, personal attire, and many other trivial aspects of society. (1727: Colonial America) For example, in church and in college, people were seated according to their social status. The differences among the social classes were very noticeable, and birth and pedigree counted for more than they do today. (Population and Social Rank) The ruling class consisted of the gentry, whose definition varied from North to South. Generally, they owned farms or plantations and were merchants, doctors, lawyers, or ministers. (1727: Colonial America) In the North, this also included clergymen, college professors, and great landowners in New York. In the South, the gentry were u... ...r on triangular trade and made the concept familiar with US citizens. In a way, the British almost used the US as a way of testing if slavery would work, but in the end gave their colony too much power and wealth, leading to the Independence. Works Cited Deary, Terry. The Gorgeous Georgians. London, England: Scholastic Children's Books, 1998. Gordon, Edward J.. American Literature. 4th Edition. Boston, MA: Ginn & Co. Publishers, 1975. Several Authors. "1727: Colonial America." 2001-2007. 16 Apr 2008 . Sommerville, J.P.. "Social Structure." University of Wisconsin-Madison History Department. 20 Apr 2008 . Whitten, Chris. "Population and Social Rank." History of the USA. 2001-2007. 09 Apr 2008 .